翻訳と辞書 Words near each other ・ List of invasive plant species in New Mexico ・ List of invasive plant species in Oregon ・ List of invasive plant species in South Africa ・ List of invasive plant species in the Indiana Dunes ・ List of invasive plant species in Utah ・ List of invasive plant species in West Virginia ・ List of invasive species in Africa ・ List of invasive species in Asia ・ List of invasive species in Australasia ・ List of invasive species in Australia ・ List of invasive species in Colombia ・ List of invasive species in Europe ・ List of invasive species in North America ・ List of invasive species in South Africa ・ List of invasive species in the Everglades ・ List of inventions and discoveries of the Indus Valley Civilization ・ List of inventions in the medieval Islamic world ・ List of inventions named after people ・ List of inventions named after places ・ List of inventors ・ List of inventors killed by their own inventions ・ List of Inverness Caledonian Thistle F.C. players ・ List of Inverness Caledonian Thistle F.C. seasons ・ List of invertebrates of California ・ List of investigations of UFOs by governments ・ List of investigations, resignations, suspensions, and dismissals in conjunction with the news media phone hacking scandal ・ List of investment banks ・ List of investment banks in Kenya ・ List of investment banks in Uganda ・ List of investors in Bernard L. Madoff Investment Securities Dictionary Lists mini英和辞書 mini和英辞書 Webster 1913 Latin-English FOLDOC Wikipedia English ウィキペディア

翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク List of inventions and discoveries of the Indus Valley Civilization ： ウィキペディア英語版 List of inventions and discoveries of the Indus Valley Civilization a lost civilization which flourished in the Bronze Age around the Indus River basin in what is today mainly Pakistan and northwest portions of the Republic of India. It is also called the Harappan Civilization, after one of its centres, Harappa. == Inventions == * Button, ornamental: Buttons—made from seashell—were used in the Indus Valley Civilization for ornamental purposes by 2000 BCE.〔Hesse, Rayner W. & Hesse (Jr.), Rayner W. (2007). ''Jewelrymaking Through History: An Encyclopedia''. Greenwood Publishing Group. 35. ISBN 0-313-33507-9.〕 Some buttons were carved into geometric shapes and had holes pierced into them so that they could be attached to clothing by using a thread.〔 Ian McNeil (1990) holds that: "The button, in fact, was originally used more as an ornament than as a fastening, the earliest known being found at Mohenjo-daro in the Indus Valley. It is made of a curved shell and about 5000 years old."〔McNeil, Ian (1990). ''An encyclopaedia of the history of technology''. Taylor & Francis. 852. ISBN 0-415-01306-2.〕 * Ruler: The oldest preserved measuring rod is a copper-alloy bar which was found by the German Assyriologist Eckhard Unger while excavating at Nippur (pictured below). The bar dates from c. 2650 BC. and Unger claimed it was used as a measurement standard. Rulers made from Ivory were in use by the Indus Valley Civilization in what today is Pakistan and some parts of Western India prior to 1500 BCE.〔 Excavations at Lothal (2400 BCE) have yielded one such ruler calibrated to about 1/16 of an inch—less than 2 millimeters.〔Whitelaw, page 14〕 Ian Whitelaw (2007) holds that 'The Mohenjo-Daro ruler is divided into units corresponding to 1.32 inches (33.5 mm) and these are marked out in decimal subdivisions with amazing accuracy—to within 0.005 of an inch. Ancient bricks found throughout the region have dimensions that correspond to these units.'〔Whitelaw, page 15〕 * Stepwell: Earliest clear evidence of the origins of the stepwell is found in the Indus Valley Civilization's archaeological site at Mohenjodaro in Pakistan 〔Livingston & Beach, 20〕 and Dholavira, India.〔The Lost River by Michel Danino. Penguin India 2010〕 The three features of stepwells in the subcontinent are evident from one particular site, abandoned by 2500 BC, which combines a bathing pool, steps leading down to water, and figures of some religious importance into one structure.〔 The early centuries immediately before the common era saw the Buddhists and the Jains of India adapt the stepwells into their architecture.〔 Both the wells and the form of ritual bathing reached other parts of the world with Buddhism.〔 Rock-cut step wells in the subcontinent date from 200-400 CE.〔 Subsequently the wells at Dhank (550-625 CE) and stepped ponds at Bhinmal (850-950 CE) were constructed.〔Livingston & Beach, page xxiii〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「List of inventions and discoveries of the Indus Valley Civilization」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.